Antibiotic User Manual

Introduction

Antibiotics refer to a class of secondary metabolites with anti-pathogen or other activities produced by microorganisms (including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) or higher animals and plants in the process of life.

 

Fig 1. Discovery and development of antibiotics

 

Mechanism

The bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect of antibiotics is mainly aimed at killing the mechanism that "bacteria have but humans (or other animals and plants) do not".

 

Application

1) Screening of stably transfected cell lines

The most common application of antibiotics in molecular biology experiments is to screen and maintain cultured prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells carrying resistance genes.

Screening of stably transfected cell lines
Screen for antibiotics	Most Common Screening Uses
Puromycin	Eukaryotes and Bacteria
Blasticidin S (inquire)	Eukaryotes and Bacteria
G418 Sulfate Geneticin	eukaryotes
Hygromycin B	Dual Screening Experiments and Eukaryotes
Aureobasidin A (AbA) (inquire)	yeast

 

2) Cell culture

Cell contamination is almost an inevitable problem encountered in the process of cell culture. Bacteria and fungi are extremely common pollutants in cell culture experiments. Antibiotics can be used in cell culture experiments to prevent or treat cell contamination by fungi and bacteria.

Commonly used antibiotics for cell culture
Commonly used antibiotics for cell culture	Types of Pollutants Controlled
Penicillin	Gram-positive bacteria
Streptomycin	Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria
Gentamicin	Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Mycoplasma
Amphotericin B	Gram-positive bacteria, yeast, fungi
Nystatin	Yeasts, fungi

 

3) Plant protectant

Fungi and bacteria can cause a variety of plant diseases. Another broad application of antibiotics is as plant protection agents. At a certain dose concentration, it is used alone or in combination to protect plants from the harm of pathogenic infection.

 

4) Animal intestinal flora research

Animal gastrointestinal microbes can participate in a variety of host metabolic processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the body's healthy homeostasis. Specific types of antibiotics can interfere or regulate the number, types and activities of animal intestinal flora, so as to study the impact of changes in intestinal microorganisms on certain metabolic processes.

 

Product usage advice

Antibiotics are physiologically active substances, and various antibiotics usually act on pathogenic bacteria at very low concentrations, but the specific working concentration needs to be changed according to cell type, medium, growth conditions, cell metabolic rate and experimental purpose. Therefore, it is recommended to establish a kill curve, that is, a dose-response curve, to determine the optimal screening concentration for the experimental system used for the first time.

 

antibiotic name	Preparation method	Storage Concentration (mg/mL)	Storage Conditions	Reference working concentration (μg/mL)
Ampicillin sodium salt	Soluble in sterile water	100	-20°C dispense	50-100
Carbenicillin disodium salt	Soluble in sterile water	50	-20°C dispense	0.1-30
kanamycin sulfate	Soluble in sterile water	10	-20°C dispense	30-100
Chloramphenicol	Soluble in absolute ethanol	50	-20°C dispense	5-20
streptomycin sulfate	Soluble in sterile water	50	-20°C dispense	10-50
Tetracycline hydrochloride	Soluble in sterile water	5-10	-20°C, aliquoted and protected from light	5-10
Puromycin hydrochloride	Soluble in sterile water or methanol	50 (sterile water) 10 (methanol)	-20℃ dry	Mammalian cells: 1-10 E. coli: 125
Rifampicin	Soluble in DMSO	50	-20°C, aliquoted and protected from light	10-50
Timentin	Soluble in sterile water	200	-20°C dispense	200
G418 Geneticin	Soluble in sterile water	/	-20°C, aliquoted and protected from light	Mammalian cells: 200-2000 Plant cells: 10-100 Yeast cells: 500-1000
Hygromycin B	Dissolved in 1x PBS (PH 7.4)	50	-20°C dispense	Mammalian cells: 50-500 bacteria/plant cells: 20-200 fungi: 300-1000

 

Yeasen product performance

At present, the quality of antibiotic products on the market is uneven, and Yeasen is dedicated to provide you with a complete range of antibiotic products.

(1) High-quality raw materials, all antibiotic product raw materials are sourced from high-quality fixed suppliers;

(2) Standardized production, using factory mass production mode;

(3) Wide range of applications, which can be used in the fields of molecular biology and biochemical experimental research of tissue culture;

(4) The cooperation platform covers the whole;

(5) To ensure product quality stability, the difference between batches is controlled within 1%, as shown in Figure 3:

 

Fig 2. Stability test and effective concentration confirmation between different batches of Geneticin

【Note】G69 and G99 are different batches; the concentration of Geneticin is 8 mg/L, 12 mg/L, and 16 mg/L in turn, and the lowest effective concentration is determined to be 16 mg/L, which can perfectly inhibit miscellaneous bacteria. growth, the performance of the two batches was consistent.

 

Customer case

Fig 3. Colony growth of E. coli on hygromycin-resistant plates with different concentrations, Yeasen and brand S* have the same effect.

【Note】A-C are brand S* hygromycin 20 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml plates, D-F are Yeasen hygromycin 20 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml plates.

 

Ordering products

1. Antibiotics for Screening of Stably Transduced Cell Lines

Product name	Cat#	Size
Puromycin Dihydrochloride (Inquire)	60210ES25/60/72/76/80	25 /100 /250/500mg/1g
Puromycin(Solution 10 mg/mL)	60209ES60/76/77	10×1/50×1/1×50 mL
Blasticidin S (10mg/ml in Solution) (Inquire)	60218ES10/50	10/5×10 mg
G418 Sulfate (Geneticin)	60220ES03/08	1/5 g
Hygromycin B (50 mg/ml) (inquire)	60224ES03	1 g (20 ml)
Hygromycin B	60225ES03/10	1/10 g
Aureobasidin A(AbA) (inquire)	60231ES03/08	1/5×1 mg

 

2. Commonly used antibiotics

Product name	Cat#	Size
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Inquire)	60201ES25/60	5/25/100 g
Carbenicillin, Disodium Salt (Inquire)	60202ES08/25	5/25/100 g
Ampicillin, Sodium Salt	60203ES10/60	10/100 g
Doxycycline hyclate (Inquire)	60204ES03/08	1/5 g
Chloramphenicol, USP	60205ES08/25	5/25 g
Kanamycin Sulfate	60206ES10/60	10/100 g
Neomycin Sulfate	60207ES25/60	25/100 g
Penicillin G, Sodium Salt (Inquire)	60208ES25/60	25/100 g
Streptomycin Sulfate (Inquire)	60211ES25/60	25/100 g
Tetracyclin HCl	60212ES25/60	25/100 g
Vancomycin Hydrochloride (Inquire)	60213ES60/80	100 mg/1 g
Gentamycin Sulfate Salt (Inquire)	60214ES03/08	1/5 g
Spectinomycin Hydrochloride (Inquire)	60215ES08	5 g
Cefotaxime Sodium Salt (Inquire)	60226ES03/08	1/5 g
Rifampicin (Inquire)	60234ES03/08	1/5 g
Amphotericin B (Inquire)	60238ES01/03	100 mg/1 g

 

Published articles with our reagents

[1] Zhang S, et al. SNX10 (sorting nexin 10) inhibits colorectal cancer initiation and progression by controlling autophagic degradation of SRC. Autophagy. 2020 Apr;16(4):735-749. IF: 9.77

[2] Lu T, et al. CD73 in small extracellular vesicles derived from HNSCC defines tumour-associated immunosuppression mediated by macrophages in the microenvironment.J Extracell Vesicles. 2022 May;11(5):e12218. IF: 14.976

[3] Zhou YM, et al. BMP9 Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Dual Regulation of Bone Remodeling. J Bone Miner Res. 2020 May;35(5):978-993. IF: 5.854

[4] Liu F, et al. CDK7 inhibition suppresses aberrant hedgehog pathway and overcomes resistance to smoothened antagonists.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jun 25;116(26):12986-95. IF: 9.412

[5] Liu C, et al. A programmable hierarchical-responsive nanoCRISPR elicits robust activation of endogenous target to treat cancer. Theranostics. 2021 Oct 11;11(20):9833-9846. IF: 8.579

[6] Zhu G, Yu J, Sun Z, et al. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies CARHSP1 responsible for radiation resistance in glioblastoma[J]. Cell death & disease, 2021, 12(8): 1-9. IF: 8.469

[7] Wang L, Wu W, Zhu X, et al. The ancient Chinese decoction Yu-Ping-Feng suppresses orthotopic Lewis lung cancer tumor growth through increasing M1 macrophage polarization and CD4+ T cell cytotoxicity[J]. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2019, 10: 1333.  IF: 5.810

[8] Huang H, Zou X, Zhong L, et al. CRISPR/dCas9‐mediated activation of multiple endogenous target genes directly converts human foreskin fibroblasts into Leydig‐like cells[J]. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2019, 23(9): 6072-6084.  IF: 5.310

[9] Wang Y, Jia M, Yan X, et al. Increased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) promotes airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Clinical Science, 2017, 131(11): 1147-1159.IF=6.124

[10] Su J, Sun H, Meng Q, et al. Enhanced Blood Suspensibility and Laser-Activated Tumor-specific Drug Release of Theranostic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles by Functionalizing with Erythrocyte Membranes[J]. Theranostics, 2017, 7(3): 523.IF=11.556

[11] Zhang T Q, Wang J W. Shoot Regenerative Capacity Assays in Arabidopsis and Tobacco[J].The Plant Cell, 2015.IF=11.277

[12] Yao C, Ni Z, Gong C, et al. Rocaglamide enhances NK cell-mediated killing of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy[J]. Autophagy, 2018, 14(10): 1831-1844.IF=16.016